The four-day international conference ‘Fighting Air Pollution in the Industrial Cities of Europe’, organized by Arnika Association from the Czech Republic, was held in Ostrava. The Ostrava Conference hosted environmentalists, politicians, medical experts, state officials, lawyers and activists from Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Italy, Kazakhstan, Poland and Ukraine. The adopted declaration appeals to intergovernmental organizations, the governments and public authorities of Europe and former Soviet Union countries to take actions in solving air pollution, one of the great existential challenges of humankind killing 4.5 million people every year.